{"id":544,"date":"2020-08-03T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kotoboo.org\/?p=544"},"modified":"2023-02-04T17:13:14","modified_gmt":"2023-02-04T08:13:14","slug":"are-some-languages-more-difficult-to-learn-than-others","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kotoboo.org\/index.php\/ja\/2020\/08\/03\/are-some-languages-more-difficult-to-learn-than-others\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7fd2\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u8a00\u8a9e\u30fb\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/kotoboo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Comic6-learn-all-lgges-v.2_color-1-1-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kotoboo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Comic6-learn-all-lgges-v.2_color-1-1-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/kotoboo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Comic6-learn-all-lgges-v.2_color-1-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/kotoboo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Comic6-learn-all-lgges-v.2_color-1-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/kotoboo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Comic6-learn-all-lgges-v.2_color-1-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/kotoboo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Comic6-learn-all-lgges-v.2_color-1-1-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/kotoboo.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Comic6-learn-all-lgges-v.2_color-1-1-2048x2048.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#fff3b6\" class=\"has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size has-very-dark-gray-color\">\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u306f\u30016,000\u7a2e\u985e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3082\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><br>\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u7279\u6709\u306e\u300c\u8a9e\u300d\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u8d64\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306a\u3089\u300c<strong>niwatori<\/strong>\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u97f3\u304c\u3008\u30cb\u30ef\u30c8\u30ea\u3009\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u8d64\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306a\u3089\u300c<strong>poule<\/strong>\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u97f3\u304c\u3008\u30cb\u30ef\u30c8\u30ea\u3009\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<br><br>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u547c\u3073\u5206\u3051\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u5927\u304d\u306a\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><br>\u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8003\u3048\u306f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u4ed5\u65b9\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3042\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5358\u6570\u5f62\u3068\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u307e\u3059 (\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001it (\u305d\u308c\u306f) \u3068they (\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f) \u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3088\u306d)\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5225\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u53cc\u6570\u5f62 (dual pronoun) \u3092\u3082\u3064\u3082\u306e\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30cb\u30ef\u30c8\u30ea\u304c2\u7fbd\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u300c<strong>huma (\u0647\u0645\u0627)<\/strong>\u300d\u3092\u30013\u7fbd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u300c<strong>honna (\u0647\u0646)<\/strong>\u300d\u3092\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307b\u304b\u306b\u3001\u4e09\u6570\u5f62\u3084\u56db\u6570\u5f62\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u8a00\u8a9e\u3084\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3057\u306a\u3044\u8a00\u8a9e\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff01<br><br>\u30a4\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u304b\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u624b\u8a71\u3067\u306f\u30012\u3064\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u570f\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306f\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u300c<strong>they<\/strong>\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u30012\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3067\u3082\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><br><em>\u82f1\u8a9e\uff1a<\/em><br><em>They are playing<\/em> <br><em>(\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u904a\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b)<\/em><br><br>\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306f\u53cc\u6570\u5f62\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u300c<strong>\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/strong>\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u30012\u3064\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306e\u307f\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><br><em>\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\uff1a<\/em><br><em>\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 (Huma yalaaban) <\/em><br><em>(2\u3064\u306e\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u904a\u3076)<\/em><br><br>\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u624b\u8a71\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306f\u53cc\u6570\u5f62\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u89aa\u6307\u3068\u4eba\u5dee\u3057\u6307\u306e\u6307\u5148\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u96e2\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u53cc\u6570\u5f62\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u624b\u8a71\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u53cc\u6570\u5f62\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u30013\u3064\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u30844\u3064\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u3092\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br><br>\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u624b\u8a71\uff1a<br>\u624b\u3092\u5de6\u53f3\u306b\u5f80\u5fa9\u904b\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u89aa\u6307\u3068\u4eba\u5dee\u3057\u6307\u306e\u6307\u5148\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u96e2\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3042\u3068\u3001\u4e21\u624b\u306e\u89aa\u6307\u3068\u5c0f\u6307\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3001\u524d\u8155\u3054\u3068\u56de\u8ee2\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<br>(2\u3064\u306e\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u904a\u3076)<br><br>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u8868\u73fe\u3082\u591a\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u306a\u3044\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<br><br><em>\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\uff1a\u904a\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306d<\/em><br><br>\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u77e5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u3088\u308a\u3088\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u540c\u3058\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u306e\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3044\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u7559\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u306e\u304b\u3092\u77e5\u308d\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<br><br>\u6b21\u56de\u306f\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3064\u3082\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u304a\u8a71\u3057\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0140525X0999094X\" target=\"_blank\">Evans, N., &amp; Levinson, S. C. (2009). The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. <em>Behavioral and Brain Sciences<\/em>, 32(5), 429-448.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wals.info\/\" target=\"_blank\">Dryer, Matthew S. &amp; Haspelmath, Martin (Eds.) (2013). <em>The World Atlas of Language Structures Online<\/em>. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u306f\u30016,000\u7a2e\u985e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3082\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u8a71\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u6307\u793a\u3059\u308b\u7279\u6709\u306e\u300c\u8a9e\u300d\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u8d64\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306a\u3089\u300cniwatori\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u97f3\u304c\u3008\u30cb\u30ef\u30c8\u30ea\u3009\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3057\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u8a9e\u570f\u306e\u8d64\u3061\u3083\u3093\u306a\u3089\u300cpoule\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u97f3\u304c\u3008\u30cb\u30ef\u30c8\u30ea\u3009\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 \u307e\u305f\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u547c\u3073\u5206\u3051\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3068\u5927\u304d\u306a\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u982d\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u8003\u3048\u306f\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u4ed5\u65b9\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3042\u308b\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5358\u6570\u5f62\u3068\u8907\u6570\u5f62\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u307e\u3059 (\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001it (\u305d\u308c\u306f) \u3068they (\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306f) \u3092\u533a\u5225\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3088\u306d)\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5225\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u53cc\u6570\u5f62 (dual pronoun) 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\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306f\u53cc\u6570\u5f62\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u300c\u0647\u0645\u0627\u300d\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5b66\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4ee3\u540d\u8a5e\u306f\u30012\u3064\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u308a\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306e\u307f\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u8a9e\uff1a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 (Huma yalaaban) (2\u3064\u306e\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u904a\u3076) 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\u6b21\u56de\u306f\u3001\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3064\u3082\u306e\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u304a\u8a71\u3057\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff01 \u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599: Evans, N., &amp; Levinson, S. C. (2009). 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